A Descriptive study to assess the Knowledge Regarding Dengue among selected Medical Students of RPIIMS Bastara, Karnal (Haryana) with a view to develops an Information Booklet.
Prof. Arun Kumar Jindal1*, Ritu Rani2, Ms. Vernika Shilpa3
1Principal, RPIIMS, Karnal
2Tutor, RPIIMS, Karnal
3Students B.Sc. Nursing 4th year, RPIIMS, Karnal
*Corresponding Author E-mail: arunkjindal007@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding Dengue among selected medical students of RPIIMS Bastara, Karnal (Haryana) in a view of develops an information booklet during the June 2016. The non-experimental research approach was adopted for the study with descriptive research design. 74 medical students were selected by using purposive sample technique. The paper and pencil technique was used. The data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Among medical students, maximum number of medical students were female 77%, were from age group 17-18 years, 49%, were under graduate 82%, were from Hindu religion 89%, were having B.sc course of study 46%, they all were heard about dengue 100%. They were having source of information related to dengue from friends and relatives 55% and maximum number of medical students were not suffered from dengue 88%. Regarding the level of knowledge, maximum number of medical students 92% of medical students had good level of knowledge regarding dengue followed by 8% of medical students had average level of knowledge. Mean knowledge of medical students 14.22 ± 2.82, median was 14 and mean percentage of knowledge score was 45.86 %. The mean percentage of knowledge score 54.14 % and maximum percentage score 57.34 was obtained in the area of symptoms of dengue fever. There was significant association with gender female. The informational booklets elevate the knowledge of medical students. So, there is a great need to aware about the dengue and needs to take adequate preventive measure to avoid bitten by the mosquito.
KEY WORDS: Assess knowledge, dengue, and medical students.
INTRODUCTION:
Dengue fever was first referred as “water poison” associated with flying insects in a Chinese medical encyclopedia.
The word “dengue” is derived from the Swahili phrase Ka-dinga pepo, meaning “cramp-like seizure”.1 The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades. One recent estimate indicates 390 million dengue infections per year, of which 96 million manifest clinically of the prevalence of dengue, estimates that 3.9 billion people, in 128 countries are at risk of infection with dengue viruses. Member States in 3 WHO regions regularly report the annual number of cases. In 2010, 2013 and 2015, nearly 2.4 million cases were reported annually.2 In India, the risk of dengue has shown an increase in recent years. In 2008, total 12,561 cases and 80 deaths were reported and in 2009, about 15,509 cases were reported with 89 deaths. In Haryana, total 838 cases with 4 deaths were reported in 2006, total 365 cases and 11 deaths were reported in 2007 and during 2008, 1,137 cases with 9 deaths were reported, during 2009, 125 cases and 1 death were reported3 There are some epidemiological features of dengue fever i.e. agent factors, the agent of dengue fever is female aedes aegypti mosquito. It transmitted the infection in humans by the bite. Dengue fever is caused by 4 distinct but closely related dengue viruses called serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4). Attack during the morning time and evening time.5
The major diagnostic markers for dengue infection include detection of the dengue virus, viral RNA, and viral antigen such as the NS1 Protein when the patient has viremia. IgM and IgG antibodies against the dengue virus.6At present no specific vaccine is available for dengue, the only method is to prevent the dengue fever is to combat with the vector mosquitoes which can be done by the following vector control is implemented using environmental management& chemical methods.4
The WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends limited reliance on insecticidal control and emphasis on community educational campaigns that emphasize residents’ responsibility in reducing vector breeding sites.7 Dengue epidemics give rise to serious public concern and alarm, as hundreds to thousands of new infections can arise every week. The public must be kept informed.8
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Non – experimental research approach with descriptive research design was used and 74 samples were selected by using purposive sampling techniques from RPIIMS Bastara, Karnal (Haryana)
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE:
Formal administrative approval was obtained from principal of respective RPIIMS College of Bastara, Karnal (Haryana). A sample of 74 medical students was selected for the study from the B.sc Nursing, GNM, BPT, BSLP department using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from 1 June to 3 June 2016. Certain tools were prepared for the data collection i.e. sample characteristics and structured knowledge questionnaire were administered to assess medical student’s knowledge regarding dengue fever. Self- introduction and introduction to the nature of the study was explain to medical students and were assured about the confidentiality of their response and purpose of the study was explained.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
The present study findings indicate that Among medical students, maximum number of medical students were female 77%, were from age group 17-18 years 49%, were under graduate 82%, were from Hindu religion 89%, were having B.sc course of study 46%, they all were heard about dengue 100%. They were having source of information related to dengue from friends and relatives 55% and maximum number of medical students were not suffered from dengue 88%. Regarding the level of knowledge, maximum number of medical students 92% of medical students had good level of knowledge regarding dengue followed by 8% of medical students had average level of knowledge. Mean knowledge of medical students 14.22 ± 2.82, median was 14 and mean percentage of knowledge score was 45.86 %. The mean percentage of knowledge score 54.14 % and maximum percentage score 57.34 was obtained in the area of symptoms of dengue fever. There was significant association with gender female.
TABLE AND FIGURES:
Findings related to Frequency and percentage distribution of sample characteristics among medical students
The maximum number of medical students were females i.e. 77% and 23% male were involved. The maximum number of medical students (49%) was in age group of 17-18 years, some of them are lies in age group of 19-20 years (45%) , whereas 7% medial students lies in the age group of above 20 years. Maximum number of medical students (82%) had under graduation and some of them (18%) under diploma. Maximum number of medical students (89%) belonged to Hindu family; some of them (8%) belonged to Sikh, whereas 1% belonged to Muslim and Christian. Maximum number of medical students (46%) were under B.sc nursing, some of them (19%) under BPT whereas 18% under GNM and BSLP. All medical students (100%) were heard about dengue. Maximum number of medical students (55%) sources of information from friends/relatives, some of them (16%) from electronic media and others, whereas 12% from print media.
Table: 1 Finding related to knowledge regarding dengue fever among medical students.
Table 1 mean, median, mean percentage, range and standard deviation of knowledge scores regarding dengue fever among medical students. N=74
|
Descriptive Statistics |
Mean |
Median |
S.D. |
Maximum |
Minimum |
Range |
Mean % |
Possible Gain % |
|
Knowledge Score |
14.22 |
14 |
2.82 |
20 |
5 |
15 |
45.86 |
54.14 |
|
Maximum score= 31 |
Minimum score= 0 |
|||||||
The data presented in table 1 depicts that the knowledge of medical students was 15 and mean knowledge of medical students 14.22 ± 2.82, median was 14 and mean percentage of knowledge score was 45.86 %.
FIGURE 1 Doughnut diagram showing mean percentage of knowledge score of medical students regarding dengue.
Figure: Doughnut diagram
The data presented in figure 1 show that possible gain of mean percentage of knowledge score 54.14 %and the mean percentage obtained of knowledge score is 45.86%.
TABLE 2 Area wise Mean, Mean Percentage of knowledge Score regarding Dengue fever among Medical students. N=74
|
Descriptive Statistics |
Mean |
S.D. |
Mean Percentage% |
|
Introduction of dengue |
4.14 |
1.317 |
45.95 |
|
Causes of dengue |
1.04 |
0.784 |
34.68 |
|
Transmission of dengue virus |
1.08 |
0.657 |
36.04 |
|
Symptoms |
4.01 |
1.199 |
57.34 |
|
Treatment |
2.45 |
1.036 |
48.92 |
|
Prevention |
1.07 |
0.709 |
35.59 |
|
Complication |
0.44 |
0.500 |
43.84 |
|
Overall Scores |
14.22 |
2.825 |
45.86 |
The data presented in Table 2 reveals that the maximum percentage score 57.34 was obtained in the area of symptoms of dengue fever and the minimum mean percentage score 34.68 was obtained in the area of causes of dengue fever.
TABLE 3 Frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge scores regarding dengue among medical students. N=74
|
Level of knowledge |
Knowledge score |
Range of score |
f (%) |
|
Very Good |
> 67.74 % |
21-31 |
00 (00%) |
|
Good |
35.48 % - 64.51% |
11-20 |
68 (92%) |
|
Average |
< 32.25 % |
0-10 |
06 (08%) |
|
Maximum score=31 |
|
|
Minimum score=00 |
The data presented in the table 3 revels that 92% of medical students had good level of knowledge regarding dengue followed by 8% of medical students had average level of knowledge regarding dengue.
FINDINGS RELATED TO ASSOCIATION OF KNOWLEDGE SCORES REGARDING DENGUE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS WITH SELECTED SAMPLE CHARATERISTICS.
Table 4 Chi square value showing association of knowledge scores regarding dengue among medical students with selected sample characteristics. N=74
|
Sample characteristics Data |
Knowledge scores |
Association with Knowledge Score |
|||||
|
Sample characteristics |
Options |
Very Good |
Good |
Average |
Chi Test |
P Value |
Df |
|
Gender |
Male |
0 |
13 |
4 |
7.045 |
0.008* |
1 |
|
Female |
0 |
55 |
2 |
||||
|
Age(in years) |
17-18 |
0 |
35 |
1 |
3.035 |
0.219NS |
2 |
|
19-20 |
0 |
29 |
4 |
||||
|
Above 20 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
||||
|
Education |
Under Diploma |
0 |
12 |
1 |
0.004 |
0.952NS |
1 |
|
Under Graduate |
0 |
56 |
5 |
||||
|
Religion |
Hindu |
0 |
60 |
6 |
0.791 |
0.852NS |
3 |
|
Muslim |
0 |
1 |
0 |
||||
|
Sikh |
0 |
6 |
0 |
||||
|
Christian |
0 |
1 |
0 |
||||
|
Course of Study |
B.Sc Nursing |
0 |
33 |
1 |
5.148 |
0.161NS |
3 |
|
GNM |
0 |
12 |
1 |
||||
|
BPT |
0 |
13 |
1 |
||||
|
BSLP |
0 |
10 |
3 |
||||
|
Have you ever Heard about Dengue |
No |
0 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
||
|
Yes |
0 |
68 |
6 |
||||
|
Sources of Information Related to Dengue |
Electronic Media |
0 |
11 |
1 |
2.009 |
0.571NS |
3 |
|
Print Media |
0 |
9 |
0 |
||||
|
Friends/Relatives |
0 |
38 |
3 |
||||
|
Others |
0 |
10 |
2 |
||||
|
Have you ever suffered with Dengue |
No |
0 |
61 |
4 |
2.740 |
0.098NS |
1 |
|
Yes |
0 |
7 |
2 |
||||
X2=3.841, X2 (2) =5.991, X2(3) =7.815 NS-not significant at 0.05 level of significance.
*Significant at 0.05 level
It showed that majority of medical students 68 (92%) had good knowledge and 6 (8%) had average knowledge. The data further indicated that computed chi square shows no significant association with dengue knowledge and selected variables. It shows that these variables were not influencing the knowledge of medical students. The chi square was applied to medical students with average, good and very good dengue knowledge with respect to gender (X2=7.045, p=0.008) computed chi square value was found to be Significant at 0.05 level of significance. Computed chi square value showed a positive association with dengue knowledge.
LIMITATIONS:
· The sample size was limited to 74 only.
· The study was limited only medical students.
RECOMMENDATION:
· A similar study can be undertaken with large sample for wider generalization.
· A study can be conducted on non medical students also.
· A study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet
CONCLUSION:
On the basis of above report findings of the study, the following conclusion can be drawn. The maximum number of medical students 92% of medical students had good level of knowledge followed by 8% of medical students had average level of knowledge regarding dengue. There was no significant association with age, education of medical students, religion, course of study, heard about dengue, source of information and suffered with dengue and the level of knowledge regarding dengue among medical students and significant association with gender female. The informational booklet elevates the knowledge of medical students. So, there is a great need to aware about the dengue so that dengue incidence can be decreases and mortality rate can be reduced.
REFERENCES:
1. Gupta Nivedita , Srivasta Sakshi, Jain Amita et.all, Indian J Med Res 136, [Internet], September 2012, pp 373-390 . Available from: http://icmr.nic.in/ijmr/2012/september/0905.pdf
2. Dengue and severe dengue, April 2016 [Internet], Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/
3. Park k, Preventive and Social Medicine, twenty first editions, Banarsidas Bhanot Publisher.224-227.
4. Basavananthappa BT Community Health Nursing, second edition, Jaypee brothers medical publishers PN 682-684,
5. Causes of dengue. [Internet], available from:http://www.denguefever.org.in/causes-of-dengue.html
6. Peeling, R. W, Nature Publishing Group, Evaluation of diagnostic tests: dengue, Nature Reviews Microbiology 8, S30-S37 (2010).
7. Shuaib Faisal, Todd Dana, Ehiri John i, et.al, Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue infection in Westmoreland, Jamaica, West Indian Med J. [Internet], 2010; 59(2): 139–146
8. O'Dowd Jessica, De Alvarenga Bernardo, Afonso Joao, et.all. Health Innovation Challenge: [Internet], early warning dengue alert for people with limited health services accessibility. Available from: https://novoed.com/mhealth/reports52130
Received on 27.04.2017 Modified on 01.06.2017
Accepted on 21.06.2017 © A&V Publications all right reserved
Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management. 2017; 5(3): 255-258.
DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2017.00055.5